determination of some mechanical properties of castor seed (ricinus communis l.) to design and fabricate an oil extraction machine

this study was carried out to determine the effect of seed growing regions and loading speed on some mechanical properties of castor seed. these properties are used to design and improve related machines such as expeller that are used for extraction of oil from castor seed. mechanical properties of castor seed were expressed in terms of rupture force and energy, bio-yield force, apparent modulus of elasticity and toughness using material testing machine. factorial test with completely randomized design (crd) was used to study the effect of velocity (4 levels: 5, 15, 25, 35 mm min-1) and seed growing regions (izeh, dezfoul, baghmalek, shoushtar and urmia). the results showed that the effect of seed growing region on force, modulus of elasticity, bio-yield force and rupture energy was significant. izeh seed had the maximum rupture force (75.11 n) whereas dezfoul and shoushtar seed had the minimum amount of rupture force (approximately 42 n). also, loading speed had a significant effect on modulus of elasticity and rupture energy. with the increase of loading speed modulus of elasticity of baghmalek seed decreased significantly from 144 to 65.5 mpa. finally, interaction effect of seed growing region and loading speed was significant for most properties. in this research work, an extrusion system was designed and fabricated for the extraction of castor oil.